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THE YELLOW RIVER
THE YELLOW RIVER is the second longest river in China (after Yangtze River) and the fifth in the world. The river is 5464 km long. Originated from the Bayankala Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, Yellow river flows through nine provinces of China and finally empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has an east-west distance of 1900 km and north -south distance of 1100 km, total basin area 752443 km.The middle stream of Yellow River passes through Loess Plateau with substantial erosion taking place. The large amount of mud and sand discharged into the river makes Yellow River the most sediment-laden river in the world. The recorded highest annual level of silts discharged into the Yellow River is 3.91 billion tons. Highest silt concentration level is recorded in 1977 with 920 kg/m. These sediments later deposit in the slower lower reaches of the river, elevating river bed and creating the famous "river above ground". In Kaifeng, Yellow River is forty meters above the ground level.
Yellow River is called the "Mother River of China" and "the Cradle of Chinese Civilisation" in China, as the Yellow River basin is the birth-place of the northern Chinese civilisations and the most prosperous region in the early Chinese history. However, the frequent devastating flooding, largely due to the elevated river bed in its lower course, has also earned it the unenviable distinction as "China's Sorrow". In the early history, the Yellow River is referred to in Chinese literatures simply as He, or "River". The first appearance of the name "Yellow River" is in the Book of Han written in Western Han dynasty. The name "Yellow River" describes the perennial ochre-yellow colour of the muddy water in the lower course of the river. An alternative poetic name of the river referring to this is the Muddy Flow. The Chinese expression "when the Yellow River flows clear" is similar to the English expression "when hell freezes over". Because the Huang He has been considered a blessing as well as a curse and has been nicknamed both "China's Pride" and "China's Sorrow".
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