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JAVA ISLAND
Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. It is the most populous island, and one of the most densely-populated regions, in the world. The former site of powerful Hindu kingdoms and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia. Java is part of the Sunda Island Arc, which includes Sumatra to the northwest and Bali to the east. Borneo lies to the north and Christmas Island to the south. It is the world's 13th largest island.Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin; it contains no fewer than thirty-eight mountains which have at one time or another been active volcanoes. See Volcanoes of Java. The island's longest river is the Bengawan Solo River, at some 600 km in length. The Bengawan Solo rises from its source in central Java at the Tawu volcano, flows north then eastwards to its mouth in the Java Sea, near the city of Surabaya. Java contains the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta. Popular tourist destinations include the city of Yogyakarta, a massive pyramid-like monument to Buddha known as Borobudur, and Prambanan, the largest Hindu temple in Java.
Java is by far the most populous island in Indonesia, with approximately 55% of the overall population of the country. With 124 million inhabitants at 981 people per kmē it would, if it were a country, be the second-most densely-populated country of the world after Bangladesh, except for some very small city-states. Since the 1970s, the Indonesian government has run transmigration programs aimed at resettling the population of Java on other less-populated islands of Indonesia. This program has met with mixed results, and sometimes caused conflicts between the locals and the recently arrived settlers.
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