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Barong Tagalog, The National Dress of Philippines
A Barong Tagalog is an embroidered formal garment of the Philippines. It is very lightweight and worn untucked, similar to a coat. It is the common wedding and formal attire for Filipino men.The barong was popularized as formal wear by Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay, who wore it to most official and personal affairs, including his inauguration as president. The barong was officially made the national costume by a decree from President Ferdinand Marcos in 1975.
This Filipino tradition dates back to the Spanish Colonial era. The most common theory about its origins is that the Spaniards made Filipinos wear barongs untucked to distinguish them from the ruling class. Also, barongs were usually made of thin fabric, almost transparent or transluscent, so that the Spaniards could see that the wearer was not bearing any weapon under the garment.
However, this theory has been questioned by other scholars and historians. They note the absence of a citation to the specific law where the Spaniards supposedly prohibited the natives from tucking in their shirts. Secondly, they note that natives during the Spanish Era did wear their shirts tucked in at times. A common example cited in support of this argument is Jose Rizal and his contemporaries, who were photographed in Western clothing with their shirts tucked in. Thirdly, the Philippines has a tropical climate and it is common for shirts not to be tucked in because of the heat. Finally, the barong is thought to be either the local adaptation of or the precusor to the guayabera, a shirt popular in the Latin American communities. The guayabera shirt was originally called "Filipina" during the era of Manila Galleon tradeships when it was brought to Mexico from the Philippines.
Most barong are made of pineapple fiber cloth or jusi fabric. Jusi fabric was once made from abaca or banana silk, but since the 1960's, it has been replaced by imported silk organza. Jusi is mechanically woven and stronger than the pina cloth, which is hand loomed and more delicate. However, pina cloth is more expensive that jusi and is thus used for very formal events.
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