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HANOI, THE CAPITAL OF VIETNAM
Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. Before that, it had served as the capital of the entity now known as Vietnam from at least the 11th century until 1802. The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. Through history, Hanoi was known by many names. In 1010, Lư Thái, the first ruler of the Lư Dynasty, moved the capital of the Great Viet, then the name of Vietnam to the site of the Đei La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed it Thang Long - a name still used poetically to this day. It remained the capital of Vietnam until 1397, when the capital was moved to Thanh Hóa, also known as Western Capital. Thang Long then became the Eastern Capital.In 1408, Vietnam was invaded by Chinese troops from the Ming Dynasty and Đông Đô was renamed Đông Quan by the Chinese. In 1428, Vietnam was liberated from Chinese rule by Lê Lei, the founder of the Le Dynasty and Dông Quan was renamed Dông Kinh.
In 1802, when the Nguyen Dynasty (Trieu Nguyen) was established and then moved the capital down to present-day Hue, it was renamed Thang Long. However, the second syllable of the toponym is actually a homonym of the word long, and so, actually suggests eto flourishe as opposed to edragone. Therefore the name would be translated roughly to to ascend and flourish. In 1831 the Nguyen Dynasty renamed it Hà Nei. Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. It became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.
The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940, and liberated in 1945, when it became the seat of Vietnam's government. From 1946 to 1954, it was the scene of heavy fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces. At that point, the city became the capital of an independent North Vietnam.
During the Vietnam War Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways, which were, however, promptly repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of all Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on July 2, 1976.
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